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<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://straylight.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/standscience/omeka/items/show/202">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[King James Library]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Door of the King James Library, South Street, St Andrews.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[history]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[Creative Commons Attribution License]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[image/jpeg]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Still Image]]></dcterms:type>
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</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://straylight.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/standscience/omeka/items/show/203">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Charles Lapworth]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[Geology]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Geologist Charles Lapworth taught English at Madras College, St Andrews. Although predominately self-taught in the field of geology, he made significant contributions to research regarding the Southern Uplands. He is mostly remembered for proposing the Ordovician epoch, a new classification of Lower Paleozoic rocks between the Cambrian and the Silurian periods. This term only gained international approval 40 years after his death. His various awards pay merit to his life and research, including the greatest scientific accolade of the Royal Society - the Gold Medal - in 1899. Furthermore, he is immortalised through the glacial Lake Lapworth in what is now western England, bearing his name in recognition of his suggestion of its existence. He left St Andrews in 1881 to become a professor of geology at the University of Birmingham. Lapworth combined his interests in space and the earth, claiming 'Astronomy is the oldest of the sciences, while Geology is one of the newest. But the two sciences have this in common: that to both are granted a magnificence of outlook'.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[history]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Organisation]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[154]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://straylight.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/standscience/omeka/items/show/204">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[Mathematics,Natural History,Natural Philosophy]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[The 'charming and outstanding' Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson believed that all science and learning were one and the same, testified by his wide-ranging expertise as a scientist, naturalist, classicist, mathematician, scholar and philosopher. A year after graduating with a zoology degree from Trinity College, Cambridge, he became a professor of biology in Dundee. He held chair of natural history at the University of St Andrews for an unbeaten record of 64 years, teaching until he was 87 years old with a style described as 'inspirational and eccentric'. As a fellow, and then vice-president of the Royal Society of London, he was awarded the Darwin Medal. He was also an honorary member of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, president of both the Classical Association and the Royal Society of Edinburgh, received the Linnean Gold Medal from the Linnean Society and a knighthood, amongst a raft of other notable achievements. Although most famous as the author of 'On Growth and Form' (1917), he wrote over 300 works on many different subjects. As a founder member of the St Andrews Preservation Trust, he was acutely interested in this town's history, and would say: 'The stones cry out to us as we pass and tell us the story of our land'.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[history]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Organisation]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[155]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://straylight.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/standscience/omeka/items/show/205">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[David Brewster]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[Mathematics,Natural History]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Scottish physicist, mathematician, astronomer, writer, historian of science and inventor of the kaleidoscope, David Brewster became a significant figure in Scottish higher education through becoming the principal of the University of St Andrews, and later the principal of the University of Edinburgh. Although he had qualified to become a minister of the Church of Scotland after obtaining a divinity degree from the University of Edinburgh, he chose instead to pursue his scientific passions. Dubbed the 'Father of modern experimental optics' by William Whewell, he was mostly concerned with the study of the polarization of light and the discovery of 'Brewster's angle'. He achieved success in improving the stereoscope and was instrumental in persuading the British to adopt the Fresnel lens for use in lighthouses. Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1815, he also helped to form the British Association for the Advancement of Science and was knighted for his contribution to science in 1831. He published numerous notable works, including two biographies of Sir Isaac Newton, alongside being a regular contributor to the Edinburgh Magazine and editor for the Edinburgh Encyclopaedia from 1807. As a student, one young man from his native Roxburghshire described him as 'the only virtuous character he had met among young men'. He combined his loves of sciences and of religion, calling the former integral to the safeguarding of the latter, and said that: 'Man, made after God's image, was a nobler creation than twinkling sparks in the sky, or than the larger and more useful lamp of the moon'.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[greatthinkers,history,photography]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Francesco Alessandrini Lupia]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Organisation]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[156]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://straylight.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/standscience/omeka/items/show/206">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Benjamin Franklin]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Founding father of the United States of America, Benjamin Franklin, was deeply interested in the world around him and excelled in numerous fields. He was many things in his lifetime: a printer, a postmaster, an ambassador, an author, a scientist, a philosopher, a writer, a statesman and, above all, an inventor. His contributions to the American Revolution and the building of a new nation were only one part of a highly distinguished career. He invented solutions to common problems, including a 'Long Arm' to grab books from the top shelf and swimming fins to help him swim more easily at 11 years old. He even made life a bit more musical with the invention of a glass harmonica. His most famous work was in the field of electricity, even inventing a new type of battery in 1748. The University of St Andrews awarded him 'gratis for his Writings on Electricity' an honorary Doctor of Laws degree in 1759, and the city of St Andrews granted him freedom of the burgh. Surprisingly, he made the journey to the town for this purpose, and later wrote 'I believe Scotland would be the country I should choose to spend the remainder of my days in'. Franklin valued academia highly, saying: 'If a man empties his purse into his head, no man can take it away from him. An investment in knowledge always pays the best interest'.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[history]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[1705]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Organisation]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[157]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://straylight.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/standscience/omeka/items/show/207">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Robert Fitzroy]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Charles Darwin described Robert FitzRoy as a 'very extraordinary person', being 'everything that is delightful' and 'very scientific'. Vice-Admiral FitzRoy was an English officer of the Royal Navy and a scientist. He is most celebrated as the captain of the HMS Beagle during Darwin's famous voyage, a major cartographic expedition from 1831 to 1836. FitzRoy entered the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth at the age of 12, and joined the Royal Navy the following year. He became a lieutenant in 1824, passing the examination with full marks, the first to ever achieve such a result. He was a pioneering meteorologist who made daily weather predictions, which he referred to as his own term 'forecasts'. In 1854, he established what would later be called the Met Office, and founded systems to relay weather information to sailors and fishermen for their safety. He was a surveyor and a hydrographer, as well as Governor of New Zealand for a few years, where he tried to protect the Maori from illegal land sales claimed by British settlers. He died having exhausted his entire fortune (£6,000, worth £400,000 today) on public expenditure.Testaments to his life's work can be found throughout the British Isles, including an aneroid and a FitzRoy barometer with storm glass on the wall of 35 North Street, St Andrews.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[history]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Organisation]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[158]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://straylight.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/standscience/omeka/items/show/208">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[James David Forbes]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[James David Forbes, principal at the University of St Andrews from 1859 to his death in 1868, studied the contradictory topics of heat and glaciers. Despite familial pressure to become a lawyer, Forbes (with David Brewster's encouragement) pursued a career in science, studying at the University of Edinburgh in the 1820s. While there, Forbes won many academic prizes and began writing articles on meteorology. He became a member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the Royal Society of London at only 21 years old. He invented the seismometer in 1842 and contributed papers to the 'Edinburgh Philosophical Journal' anonymously under the signature 'Δ'. He won several awards from his work, including the Rumford Medal from the Royal Society in 1838, and the Gold Medal in 1843. While he was principal of the University of St Andrews, he oversaw many projects such as the restoration of St Salvator's Chapel and the reorganisation of United College finances. Similarly, he made important reforms at the University of Edinburgh during his time there as professor of natural philosophy. Whilst engaging in various 'heated' scientific debates regarding his work with ice and glaciers, it was his study of heat which made the greatest contribution to science and had a resounding impact after his death.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[greatthinkers,history]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Organisation]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[159]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://straylight.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/standscience/omeka/items/show/209">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[James Gregory]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[Mathematics]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[The Scottish mathematician, astronomer, and first Regius Professor of Mathematics at the University of St Andrews, James Gregory, was one of the three inventors of calculus and the first to write a textbook concerning it (hence why calculus was taught at St Andrews a hundred years before it was on the curriculum at the University of Cambridge). He invented the Gregorian telescope which is still used today and discovered the principles of diffraction gratings. He worked to find the areas of the circle and hyperbola using a modification of the method of Archimedes (c.211BCE). Gregory was elected to the Royal Society of London before travelling to St Andrews and there starting his family. After a while, he moved to the University of Edinburgh. Most notably, Gregory is thought to have laid the very first meridian line, 200 years before the Greenwich meridian was established. This meridian runs several degrees west of the Greenwich meridian, making it around 12 minutes behind GMT. The brass meridian on South Street represents the line which Gregory initially carved into the floor of his laboratory (now King James' Library).]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[history]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Organisation]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[160]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://straylight.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/standscience/omeka/items/show/210">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[John Mair]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[Mathematics]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Scottish Mathematician John Mair (sometimes Maoir) worked in both Paris and St Andrews teaching logic and theology. He studied at Cambridge (rare for a Scot at this time), where he spent around a year before furthering his studies in France. He contributed to a range of fields, including ethics, metaphysics, theology, biblical commentary, history and (above all) logic, at which he especially excelled. Furthermore, he did considerable work in legal human rights. His great intellectual drive is testified by the fact that he completed at least forty-six books within twenty years, despite struggling with a recurring illness. His reputation was founded upon the quality of his writings (many of which became textbooks for a large number of students in Paris and throughout Europe), as well as the quality of his teaching (being described by a student as a 'deeply knowledgeable man whose virtue is as great as his faith'). He was the principal of the University of Glasgow for five years, vicar of Dunlop (in Ayrshire) and a canon of the Chapel Royal in Stirling. He left Glasgow for the University of St Andrews, working as provost of St Salvator's College from 1534 and being the dean of the Faculty of Theology at the University. Although he complained about the town's bad beer, he did a lot of important work there: sitting on a committee to revise St Andrews forms of examination, doing administrative work, and lecturing in arts and theology. John Knox, his student who became the foremost leader of the Scottish Reformation, called Maoir a man 'whose word was held as an oracle on matters of religion', showing how respected he was. He is best known today for his 'History of Greater Britain, England and Scotland' (published 1521). Deeply interested in history, he wrote that it was necessary to study so that: 'You may learn not only the thing that was done but also how it ought to have been done'.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[history]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Organisation]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[161]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://straylight.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/standscience/omeka/items/show/211">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Charles Lapworth's House]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[Geology]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[history]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[1879]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Lucia Cathers]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Site]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[162]]></dcterms:identifier>
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