42 10 472 Organisation End Date 1903 Wikidata ID Q3703192 Contribution Involved in which fields of scholarship? Philosophy Most famous contribution(s) to scholarship 1 (i.e. in philosophy): Most important influences: Plato, Aristotle, Kant, Hegel, Hamilton, Mill Interests: philosophical idealism, social reform, political philosophy Most work produced as tutor in Jesus College, Oxford British idealist: Interested in developing political and social philosophy from idealist foundations: application of evolutionary theories to social thought Study of Lamarck and Darwin: Darwinism and Politics (1889; 3rd edn, 1895) and in Principles of State Interference (1891; 4th ed, 1902): 'the theory of natural selection lends no support to the political dogma of laissez faire'; rather, evolutionary science pointed to the need for increased state intervention He challenged the antithesis between the individual and the state that had been established by nineteenth-century Liberals and which continued to underscore opposition to enlarging the role of the state. Arguing that this antithesis was founded on an aggregative view of individuals, Ritchie affirmed that individuals are indivisible from their membership in a society. In response to Mill, he denied that society was merely a collection of autonomous, self-governing individuals, or that state intervention curtailed individual freedom. Individual freedom lies in community with others, not in separation from them State as a moral entity: 'The state has as its end, the realisation of the best life by the individual': provided conditions in which the common good was enhanced -> defended compulsory education, factory legislation, and numerous other interventions, 'intelligent and scientific state action' above piecemeal philanthropic reforms Ritchie held that the laws of social evolution, properly examined, could equip the social reformer to guide society in the direction of progress. Vigorously opposed to intuitionism, with its consequent creed of political Conservatism, Ritchie remained a spirited advocate of uncompromising political reform. He ranged himself alongside progressive Liberals or socialists on most contemporary issues: he supported home rule for Ireland; he considered the South African War to be a just conflict; he advocated sweeping reform of property tenure; and he demonstrated a strong belief in world federation. Authoritative modification of utilitarianism: moral good is the deliberate adoption of those feelings, acts, and habits which are advantageous, not to the individual, but to the welfare of the whole community; affirmed that idealism and utilitarianism were wholly consistent Ritchie desired to draw parallels between idealism and other schools of thought. (e.g. demonstrated that idealism was not opposed to natural science, as some critics had argued) Critique of natural rights theory (Natural Rights, 1895): objected to the expectation that individuals possess rights independently from their political or social context and affirmed instead that rights are acquired only by membership in a society (other liberals such as L. T. Hobhouse and J. A. Hobson expressed concern that Ritchie had too sharply minimized the importance of individual rights to a just and democratic society) Ritchie was a passionate democrat: condemned the inequity of class difference, noting too the destructiveness of the inequalities between men and women; Ritchie had little faith that any innate sense of sympathy or common feeling could overcome the 'ceaseless struggle and competition' of the evolutionary process. Persuaded by Darwinian theories of natural selection and the struggle for existence, he was struck by the ubiquity of conflict and competition in and among societies. Darwin and Hegel (1893): parallels between the two thinkers Philosophical Studies (1905): to resolve confusion between fact and value, and between origin and validity; Ritchie's writing was plain, accessible, and polemical. His insistence that evolutionary theory lent no support for laissez-faire but rather was an argument for increased state intervention was followed by progressive political reformers, such as Sidney Webb and the new Liberals. His vision of a moral state, persuasively outlined in accessible articles and speeches, enjoyed a similar impact. Indeed, more than Green, Ritchie has been credited with establishing the basis for the new Liberal defence of an enlarged state. His communitarian interpretation of the relationship between the individual and the state in a just and progressive society also resonates in contemporary communitarian political theory. If you want to read one thing written by him/her, it should be: Darwin and Hegel (1893) Misc Any political involvement? Progressive political sympathies: An early friend, F. C. Montague, recalled: 'He was a zealous democrat, although his mode of thought seemed to have little affinity with that of the common mind. He was a socialist, and had the strongest belief in state action whenever possible' (Ritchie, 7) While he promoted socialist tenets, most notably in his attack on individualism and a minimalist state, Ritchie did not hold to any one socialist programme, and was even uncomfortable with several doctrines advanced by his fellow Fabians. Other societies/groups elsewhere? Philosophical society university of Edinburgh Co-operative Society of Oxford Society for Study of Social Questions, Social Science Club, … Oxford Fabian Society 1889-1893 Associated places in St Andrews: (e.g. home, lab, favourite spot) Eastern cemetery: tomb containing his ashes Possible human interest story 1: By the end of his studies, felt unable to take holy orders as his family had envisioned because he had developed scepsis against religious doctrines. Possible human interest story 2: Also because of the intellectual and politcally interested wives, Ritchie was in favour of the empancipation of women. He asked for a radical reorganisation of the national economy for the advancement of women Possible human interest story 3: Known among his students for his patience, quiet lectures, exactitude and precision Possible human interest story 4: Diplomacy in long-standing discpute with Dundee University College Possible human interest story 5: 'It is with pain', observed the university newspaper, 'that one has to record that Professor Ritchie is of no use on the golf course, either inside or outside a bunker' (College Echoes, 13 Dec 1901) Awards/Honours: As an undergraduate: Medals in Latin, Greek, logic, metaphysics, moral philosophy After graduation: Scottish universities’ classical scholarship 1875 Dean of faculty of arts and representative of senatus at university court in St Andrews 1898: honorary degree of LLD conferred by his alma mater Other interesting/quirky facts (not necessarily related to subject areas): Appreciated art, poetry, local history, botany Biographical sources: (e.g. OxDNB, family memoir, other...) OxDNB Available images of the person: Portrait in photographic collections, St Andrews Available images of places/objects associated with the person: Own image of tomb? Biographical Text D.O.B: 1853 D.O.D: 1903 Family origins: Father: Dr George Ritchie, Presbyterian minister and moderator pf the general assembly of the Chruch of Scotland; family linked to scholarly pursuits (e.g. Dr David Ritchie, professor of logic, and the Carlyles) Mother: Elisabeth Bradfute Dudgeon Education: Jedburgh Academy Edinburgh University: psychology, logic, metaphysics with Campbell Fraser; moral philosophy with Henry Calderwood; Greek with J. S. Blackie Balliol College Oxford Private life/family life: Married Flora Lindsay, daughter of Colonel A. A. Macdonell of Lochgarry Only one of the twin daughters survived After death of Flora, married Ellen Sara Haycraft, professor of psychology at University College, Cardiff Son Arthur Prim Media 267 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource David George Ritchie Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived history Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. David George Ritchie Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 196 Type The nature or genre of the resource Organisation Description An account of the resource Profession: Philosopher Talents etc.: As a child, was kept away from other children because he was frail and bookish; thus, read and fished in his free time (Professional) Role in St Andrews: Chair of logic and metaphysics Dean of the faculty of arts Representative of Senatus at university court Lecturer in logic, psychology, metaphysics, history of philosophy Years in St Andrews: 1894-1903 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource fal2@st-andrews.ac.uk Subject The topic of the resource Philosophy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1853 Europeana Specific elements of the Europeana Semantic Elements. Europeana Type The Europeana material type of the resource. TEXT Object The URL of a suitable source image in the best resolution available on the web site of the data provider from which small images could be generated for use in the portal. This will often be the same URL as given in europeana:isShownBy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_George_Ritchie Organisation End Date 1923 Wikidata ID Q822329 Contribution Involved in which fields of scholarship? (e.g. geology, philosophy and medicine) Philosophy Most famous contribution(s) to scholarship 1 (i.e. in philosophy): Strongly influenced by Plato and the Greek philosophers, by Nettleship, Toynbee, and, above all, Thomas Hill Green (idealist philosophy); logic inspired by Bradley Contributions to journal Mind Knowledge and Reality, criticism of Bradley, which became basis for Logic in 1888 Aesthetics: influence by Morris; History of Aesthetic in 1892 Fabian Society invited him to explain his political standpoint in 1890: neither individualist nor committed to laissez-faire; willing to subscribe to the ideas of 'moral socialism'; believed 'economic socialists' were on the wrong track, disapproving their disrespect for private property, disparagement of saving, attack on the strict administration of the poor law, and their aim of complete equality and abolition of classes Social philosophy: “collectivist”; individual as function of the social organism, mind and being as production of the communities to which he belonged; individual had to be loyal to his state because the collectivism provided protection and opportunity for developing talents. Everyone has “actual will” (satisfaction of immediate desires, including impulses) and “real will” (satisfaction of desires beyond immediate ends, more permanent, including harmonising the own will with that of others). The real will thus is identified with a social way of living—with the 'general will' of the community. Ideally, a state should be in harmony with this general will, for it is then recognized by its members as rightfully exercising legislative and physical compulsion over them; in return, the state should not attempt to go beyond the general will by force. If it did, that would lead ultimately to a repressive 'machine-made utopia', faced with the dangers of disobedience and rebellion. The crucial tests of any social measure of the state were whether it had the approval of the general will, and whether it liberated fresh resources of character, will, and intelligence in the community. The Philosophical Theory of the State (1899) embodying these ideas: great achievement of British idealist philosophy Idealism: Lively intervention in professional debates concerning absolute idealism Appearance and Reality (1893) The Principle of Individuality and Value (1912), The Value and Destiny of the Individual (1913): no great advance on Bradley's brilliant work. Established “absolute idealism”: logic and the impulsion of human thought to discover ultimate reality -> absolute must exist (there, appearances of daily life only partially apprehendable) Christian deity merely an 'appearance' of the greater reality of the absolute: alienated Christian idealists (absolute = God), personal idealists (asked for more room for the individual); heaviest assault on idealism in general: at the turn of the century from the generation of Cambridge new realists, led by George Edward Moore and Bertrand Russell: idealism as ‘Germanic doctrine’, replaced with logical positivism and linguistic philosophy; but in the late twentieth century there were signs of a renewal of interest in idealism, especially among political philosophers. If you want to read one thing written by him/her, it should be: X The Philosophical Theory of the State (1899) Misc Any political involvement? Radical wing of the Liberal Party according to himself Other societies/groups elsewhere? Charity Orgnisation Society (COS) London Ethical Society Aristotelian Society (member, vice-president, president) Associated places in St Andrews: (e.g. home, lab, favourite spot) School of philosophy Possible human interest story 1: Due to his interest in aesthetics, Bosanquet developed an active interest in the Home Arts and Industries Association; he furnished his house with parquet, tiles, wallpapers etc. Possible human interest story 2: His social theory arose from the political and social problems arising from the depression in 1880s and 1890s. Possible human interest story 3: The speech before the Fabian society marked the beginning of protracted disputes between the COS and Fabians and ‘new Liberals’ concerning methods of economic reform and remedies for pauperism. The disputes culminated in the great royal commission of inquiry into the poor laws (1905–9), in which Helen Bosanquet and Beatrice Webb played leading roles on opposite sides. Possible human interest story 4: Worked together with his wife on improving the COS and justifying its policy with principles of idealist philosophy; divided the poor into the categories of the “helpable” and the “unhelpable” rather than “deserving” and “undeserving”, which rather suggested that poverty was the people’s own fault; however, they rejected socialist ideas like free school meals etc. Connected to other people in St Andrews or elsewhere?: Thomas Hill Green Francis Herbert Bradley Biographical sources: (e.g. OxDNB, family memoir, other...) OxDNB Available images of the person: Wikipedia Possibly National Portrait Gallery Biographical Text D.O.B: 1848 D.O.D: 1923 Family origins: Father: Robert William Bosanquet, of Rock, Northumberland Mother: Caroline Bosanquet, daughter of Colonel Education: Preparatory Schools Sherburn, Durham, Elstree, Harrow Balliol College, Oxford Private life/family life: Married Helen Dendy, no children Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bernard Bosanquet Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived history Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Bernard Bosanquet Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 195 Type The nature or genre of the resource Organisation Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource fal2@st-andrews.ac.uk Subject The topic of the resource Philosophy Description An account of the resource Profession: Philosopher Social theorist (Professional) Role in St Andrews: Professor of moral philosophy Years in St Andrews: 1903-1907 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1848 Europeana Specific elements of the Europeana Semantic Elements. Europeana Type The Europeana material type of the resource. TEXT Object The URL of a suitable source image in the best resolution available on the web site of the data provider from which small images could be generated for use in the portal. This will often be the same URL as given in europeana:isShownBy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Bosanquet_(philosopher) Organisation End Date 1816 Wikidata ID Q183094 Contribution Involved in which fields of scholarship? (e.g. geology, philosophy and medicine) Philosophy, History Misc Any political involvement? Hanoverian: sermon to first highland regiment on foot Any religious involvement? Religious career (church), but left service in 1754 Elder of the Church of Scotland in 1760s Other societies/groups elsewhere? Select Society Edinburgh Possible human interest story 1: Fergusson decided to omit the “s” in his name (which became Ferguson) because he believed it was “unnecessary, and therefore unworthy of a philosopher”. Possible human interest story 2: Also military career: appointment as the deputy chaplain of the newly formed 43rd regiment of highlanders 1745 anecdote told by Walter Scott and repeated by Ferguson's biographers: when started military career, young chaplain; leading the column of men at the battle of Fontenoy; Upon hearing his colonel's rebuke to the effect that such behaviour was incompatible with his church commission, he allegedly replied 'D—n my commission!' and threw it towards the speaker (Scott, 19.313). (central to understand how Ferguson was remembered in Scotland: martial spirit and love of valour typified his personality to a greater extent than his clerical calling) Regarded military valour as a corner-stone of civic virtue: impact of his military career Possible human interest story 3: Together with the student he tutored, he lodged at Leipzig at home of the Frenchman Eléazar de Mauvillon, a protestant convert who had translated Hume's Political Discourses into French. Ferguson complained in a letter to Adam Smith of having 'not met with any Glimmering of Taste, or very elegant Reflexions' (Ferguson to Smith, 1 Dec 1754; Correspondence, 1.11). Possible human interest story 4: Apology of theatre: teaches virtue and is found in civilized societies Connected to other people in St Andrews or elsewhere? William Robertson, Alexander Carlyle, Hugh Blair, and John Home circle of students in Edinburgh Robert Adam Awards/Honours: Bursary for study at St Leonard’s College, St Andrews Principal chaplain to Black Watch Biographical sources: (e.g. OxDNB, family memoir, other...) Ferguson to Smith, letters Available images of the person: Portrait special collections, but did not work when I tried Biographical Text D.O.B: 1723 D.O.D: 1816 Family origins: Father: Adam Fergusson (parish minister) Mother: Mary Fergusson (noble descendance) Education: At home, tutored by his father Parish school, Logierait Grammar school, Perth St Leonard’s College, St Andrews University of Edinburgh (divinity studies) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adam Ferguson Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived history Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Adam Ferguson Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 194 Type The nature or genre of the resource Organisation Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource fal2@st-andrews.ac.uk Description An account of the resource Profession: Philosopher Historian Talents etc.: Latin, Greek Essay-writing Mathematics (Professional) Role in St Andrews: Student of natural philosophy (taking courses in logic and moral philosophy) Years in St Andrews: 1738-1743 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1723 Europeana Specific elements of the Europeana Semantic Elements. Europeana Type The Europeana material type of the resource. TEXT Object The URL of a suitable source image in the best resolution available on the web site of the data provider from which small images could be generated for use in the portal. This will often be the same URL as given in europeana:isShownBy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Ferguson Site Represents a site. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource College Hall Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived history Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 193 Type The nature or genre of the resource Site Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. current,56.341937856546025,-2.7940142151419427; Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource fal2@st-andrews.ac.uk Europeana Specific elements of the Europeana Semantic Elements. Europeana Type The Europeana material type of the resource. TEXT Organisation End Date 1883 Wikidata ID Q7793611 Prim Media 377 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thomas Rodger Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived greatthinkers,history,photography Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 192 Type The nature or genre of the resource Organisation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1832 Subject The topic of the resource Photography Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Thomas Rodger Description An account of the resource Thomas Rodger (born 1832) was raised and educated in St Andrews. Originally studying chemistry at the University of St Andrews, he later turned to the art of photography. Although St Andrews was a major centre of photography at the time, Rodger was the first photographer in town with a professional studio. He is best known for his landscape images of the town and its surroundings, but his work with portrait photography was where he first rose to critical acclaim. Roger also wrote several theoretical works on various photographic techniques. He died in 1883 at the age of 50. Europeana Specific elements of the Europeana Semantic Elements. Europeana Type The Europeana material type of the resource. TEXT Object The URL of a suitable source image in the best resolution available on the web site of the data provider from which small images could be generated for use in the portal. This will often be the same URL as given in europeana:isShownBy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Rodger Organisation Contribution Involved in which fields of scholarship? Medicine, Photography Most famous contribution(s) to scholarship/inventions/… 1 (i.e. in geology): Shorter exposure times for photographs Most famous contribution(s) to scholarship/inventions/… 2 (i.e. in philosophy): First calotype in Scotland in 1840: note that Talbot patented the process in 1839 Misc Other societies/groups in St Andrews? St Andrews Literary and Philosophical Society Curator of Literary and Philosophical Society Museum from 1838 until his death Other societies/groups elsewhere? Edinburgh Calotype Club Associated places in St Andrews: (e.g. home, lab, favourite spot) Madras College School: taught His house: nowadays the Restaurant “The Adamson” Possible human interest story 1: He encouraged his younger brother to become a photographer and was the teacher of both his brother and Thomas Rodger Possible human interest story 2: Part of the circle of Brewster, making experiments on photography Possible human interest story 3: Meetings of the Literary and Philosophical society were the occasion for the exhibition and discussion of the photographs taken by William Henry Fox Talbot, Hugh Lyon Playfair, the Adamson brothers and others. Connected to other people in St Andrews or elsewhere?: Sir David Brewster Thomas Rodger Biographical sources: (e.g. OxDNB, family memoir, other...) https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/artists/john-adamson#:~:text=Wikipedia%20entry,portrait%20in%20Scotland%20in%201841. https://digital.nls.uk/pencilsoflight/biography.cfm Available images of the person: St Andrews University Photographic Collections Available images of places/objects associated with the person: House with his family: St Andrews University Photographic Collections Could take photograph of plaquette on Adamson’s house as well as of house and restaurant Himself with his dog: National Galleries of Scotland (https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/artists/john-adamson#:~:text=Wikipedia%20entry,portrait%20in%20Scotland%20in%201841) Biographical Text D.O.B: 1809 D.O.D: 1870 Family origins: Father: Alexander Adamson (tenant farmer at Burnside, 5 miles from St Andrews) mother: Rachael Melville Education: Studied medicine in St Andrews and Edinburgh Private life/family life: Married Esther Christina Alexander 1850; many children (Professional) Role in St Andrews: Practitioner of Medicine Taught Chemistry and Natural Science at Madras College school (1837-1840) Years in St Andrews: Almost entire life End Date 1870 Wikidata ID Q6218245 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dr John Adamson Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived history,photography Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 190 Type The nature or genre of the resource Organisation Description An account of the resource Profession: Physician Chemist Subject The topic of the resource Medicine,Photography Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1809 Europeana Specific elements of the Europeana Semantic Elements. Europeana Type The Europeana material type of the resource. TEXT Object The URL of a suitable source image in the best resolution available on the web site of the data provider from which small images could be generated for use in the portal. This will often be the same URL as given in europeana:isShownBy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adamson_(physician) Organisation Biographical Text D.O.B: 1786 D.O.D: 1861 Family origins: Father: Dr James Playfair, principal of United college St Andrews Mother: Margaret Lyon Education: Grammar school of Dundee Classes in St Andrews Contribution Involved in which fields of scholarship? Photography Urban planning Most famous contribution(s) to scholarship/inventions/… 1 (i.e. in photography): Connections to Antoine Claudet, a French photographer, who also introduced photographic improvements: pioneered photography in St Andrews Worked with David Brewster on the Calotype process Most famous contribution(s) to scholarship/inventions/… 2: Urban reform in St Andrews: streets straighter, new streets If you want to read one thing written by him/her, it should be: First Catechism of the Principles of Religion (1853) Misc Any political involvement? East India Company’s Bengal army Any religious involvement? Deeply religious Other societies/groups in St Andrews? Royal and Ancient Golf Club (captain!) Other societies/groups elsewhere? Founder of Edinburgh Calotype Club (but not a member) Associated places in St Andrews: (e.g. home, lab, favourite spot) His large house, St Leonhard’s West (part of old St Leonhard’s college, St Andrews) Grave: Cathedral Possible human interest story 1: After having received leave from the army for health reasons, he traveled back to Scotland and met Napoleon on St Helena on the way Possible human interest story 2: The urban reform of St Andrews driven by Playfair caused the front stairs of most houses to be demolished, but also resulted in buildings like a new town hall. Possible human interest story 3: Playfair was a keen actor and played theatre in his house. Possible human interest story 4: His plans were often criticized, but he often convinced the people of them with his dry humour. Connected to other people in St Andrews or elsewhere?: David Brewster John Adamson Awards/Honours: 1856: knighted 1856: degree of LLD from St Andrews Any eye-witness testimony/stories: Nephew Lyon Playfair Biographical sources: (e.g. OxDNB, family memoir, other...) OxDNB Nephew Lyon Playfair Available images of the person: Several images in University Photographic Collections St Andrews In National Galleries of Scotland Available images of places/objects associated with the person: Charles Lees: The Golfers (painting with Playfair) Plenty of photographs of the Cathedral in St Andrews Photographic Collections Grave: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Lyon_Playfair End Date 1861 Wikidata ID Q5931547 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hugh Lyon Playfair Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived history Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 189 Type The nature or genre of the resource Organisation Subject The topic of the resource Photography Description An account of the resource Profession: Army officer: military leader Talents etc.: Campaigning, management Golfing Acting Fund-raising Private life/family life: Married Jane Dalgleish of Scotscraig in 1820: they had 6 sons and 5 daughters (Professional) Role in St Andrews: Provost 1842 – 1861 Years in St Andrews: Early life Bought house in 1820 Life after military career (from 1832 onwards) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1786 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Francesco Alessandrini Lupia Europeana Specific elements of the Europeana Semantic Elements. Europeana Type The Europeana material type of the resource. TEXT Object The URL of a suitable source image in the best resolution available on the web site of the data provider from which small images could be generated for use in the portal. This will often be the same URL as given in europeana:isShownBy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Lyon_Playfair Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Manifest https://collections.st-andrews.ac.uk/130373/manifest Europeana Specific elements of the Europeana Semantic Elements. Object The URL of a suitable source image in the best resolution available on the web site of the data provider from which small images could be generated for use in the portal. This will often be the same URL as given in europeana:isShownBy. https://collections.st-andrews.ac.uk/item/james-david-forbes/130373 Europeana Type The Europeana material type of the resource. IMAGE Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource James David Forbes Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource fal2@st-andrews.ac.uk Organisation End Date 1994 Wikidata ID Q18671179 Contribution Involved in which fields of scholarship? Photography Most famous contribution(s) to scholarship 1 (i.e. in photography): Innovative work with children and later adults with learning difficulties Most famous contribution(s) to scholarship 2 (i.e. in human rights): Zero Tolerance Campaign If you want to read one thing written by him/her, it should be: X Find series Women Workers in the USSR (1989) Any political involvement? Campaigns: Marxist-feminism Any religious involvement? No Other societies/groups in St Andrews? Women’s liberation’s group Student representative council Associated places in St Andrews: (e.g. home, lab, favourite spot) University buildings Misc Possible human interest story 1: She bought her first camera after her time in St Andrews, on Lewis. She taught herself the art of photography. Her first exhibition: “Lewis Women” in the Stills Gallery, Edinburgh. Possible human interest story 2: Traveled widely in the service of her photography Possible human interest story 3: Women’s working life was her major theme in photography, in accordance with her political beliefs; through photography, she could record the work, while maintaining some professional distance to the persons; she first showed women working as an utopian world-view, but later she showed the harshness of their work (Zero Tolerance Campaign). Possible human interest story 4: At times, she survived only with black coffee and cigarettes Any eye-witness testimony/stories: University of St Andrews Library: diaries etc (extracts available: http://www.frankirafflesarchive.org/documentary/) Biographical sources: (e.g. OxDNB, family memoir, other...) OxDNB https://museumoftheuniversityofstandrews.wordpress.com/2018/04/22/franki-raffles-a-photographic-portfolio-on-feminism/ http://www.frankirafflesarchive.org/biography/ http://www.frankirafflesarchive.org/documentary/ Biographical Text Family origins: Father: Eric Raffles (manager of textile factory established by her grandfather) Mother: Gillian Raffles, née Posnansky (director of Mercury gallery, London and Edinburgh) Education: Lady Eleanor Holles School, London University of St Andrews Private life/family life: Partner Martin Sime Daughter Anna Raffles Separation in 1982 New partner Sandy Lunan 1983-1994 (lesbian) (Professional) Role in St Andrews: Student of Philosophy 1973-1977 Years in St Andrews: 1973-1977 Prim Media 256 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Franki Raffles Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived history Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 188 Type The nature or genre of the resource Organisation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1955 Subject The topic of the resource Photography Description An account of the resource Profession: Photographer Campaigner against violence against women Philosopher Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Francesco Alessandrini Lupia Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Frances Rachel Raffles Europeana Specific elements of the Europeana Semantic Elements. Europeana Type The Europeana material type of the resource. TEXT Object The URL of a suitable source image in the best resolution available on the web site of the data provider from which small images could be generated for use in the portal. This will often be the same URL as given in europeana:isShownBy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franki_Raffles Organisation Wikidata ID Q3161083 End Date 1868 Contribution Involved in which fields of scholarship? Geology, Meteorology, Physics, Photography, Astronomy Most famous contribution(s) to scholarship/inventions… 1 (i.e. in geology): Discovered polarization of radiant heat Most famous contribution(s) to scholarship/inventions… 2 (i.e. in physics/geography): Writings on glaciers, e.g. Travels through the Alps of Savoy (1843), Norway and its Glaciers (1853), and a collection of his most important glacier papers, Occasional Papers on the Theory of Glaciers (1859); works on moves of glaciers… Most famous contribution(s) to scholarship/inventions… 2 (i.e. in photography): Contact with Talbot and also, as one of the first in Britain, with the French inventions Experiments to improve the Calotype An Account of the Process employed in Photgenic drawing (see Graham Smith, ‘James David Forbes and the Early History of Photography’, in Shadow and Substance: Essays on the History of Photography in Honour of Heinz K. Henisch, ed. Kathleen Collins, New York: Bloomfield Hills, 1990.) If you want to read one thing written by him/her, it should be: Occasional Papers on the Theory of Glaciers (1859) Misc Societies/groups? British Association for the Advancement of Science Royal Society of Edinburgh Royal Society of London Associated places in St Andrews: (e.g. home, lab, favourite spot) College Hall, built under his principalship to attract “persons of high rank” Possible human interest story 1: Due to his passion for science, he contributed scientific articles to Edinburgh Journal of Science. The editor, David Brewster (!), was so impressed that he proposed Forbes in 1829 for the fellowship of Edinburgh Royal Society. His election was delayed until January 1831, after he had reached the minimum age of twenty-one. Possible human interest story 2: Another connection with Brewster: rivalry, lost friendship, reconciliation Possible human interest story 3: Traveled extensively: on mountains, glaciers etc. Possible human interest story 4: Forbes, in contrast e.g. to Brewster, had little contact with his students Connected to other people in St Andrews or elsewhere?: David Brewster Awards/Honours: Class medals physics 1828 and 1829 Class medal in moral philosophy in 1828 Dean of the faculty of arts of the university of Edinburgh 1837 Keith medal of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (3 times) Rumford medal of the Royal Society of London 1838 Royal medal from Royal Society 1843 Honorary DCL at Oxford 1853 Other interesting/quirky facts (not necessarily related to subject areas): Forbes introduced written examinations at the University of Edinburgh, where examinations had been oral to that point. Any eye-witness testimony/stories: "Life and Letters of James David Forbes" (1873) Biographical sources: (e.g. OxDNB, family memoir, other...) OxDNB "Life and Letters of James David Forbes" (1873) Smith, Graham, ‘James David Forbes and the Early History of Photography’, in Shadow and Substance: Essays on the History of Photography in Honour of Heinz K. Henisch, ed. Kathleen Collins, New York: Bloomfield Hills, 1990. Available images of the person: St Andrews university Photographic Collections Available images of places/objects associated with the person: College Hall: either University Photographic Collections or own picture Biographical Text D.O.B: 1809 D.O.D: 1868 Family origins: Father: Sir William Forbes of Pitsligo, seventh baronet (1773–1828), banker Mother: Williamina Belsches (1777–1810), sole child and heir of John Belsches of Invermay, Perthshire Education: Home education by Robert Hunter 1825+: University of Edinburgh (Arts and Sciences, different subjects) 1830: study of law Private life/family life: Married Alicia Wauchope in 1843, with whom he had 2 sons and 3 daughters (Professional) Role in St Andrews: Principal of the United College of St Salvador and St Leonard, succeeding Brewster Years in St Andrews: 1859 – 1867 Prim Media 257 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Profession: Physicist, Geologist Title A name given to the resource James David Forbes Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived greatthinkers,history Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 186 Type The nature or genre of the resource Organisation Subject The topic of the resource Geology,Photography Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1809 Europeana Specific elements of the Europeana Semantic Elements. Europeana Type The Europeana material type of the resource. TEXT Object The URL of a suitable source image in the best resolution available on the web site of the data provider from which small images could be generated for use in the portal. This will often be the same URL as given in europeana:isShownBy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_David_Forbes